داروی زایلازین (Xylazine) آگونیست گیرنده آلفا 2 آدرنرژیک بوده که منجر به بروز اثرات تسکینی وابسته به دوز، شل کنندگی عضلات و ایجاد احساس بی دردی می شود. در این مقاله توضیحات کامل مربوط به این دارو از جمله اندیکاسیون، دوز تجویز، عوارض جانبی، منع مصرف و … ارائه شده است.
فرم داروی زایلازین
Injectable: 20 mg/ml solution (2%)
عملکرد داروی زایلازین در سگ و گربه
Action: Agonist at peripheral and central alpha-2 adrenoreceptors, producing dose-dependent sedation, muscle relaxation and analgesia.
موارد استفاده از داروی زایلازین در سگ و گربه
• Provide sedation and premedication when used alone or in combination with opioid analgesics.
• Xylazine combined with ketamine is used to provide a short duration (20–30 min) of surgical anaesthesia.
• Xylazine stimulates growth hormone production and may be used to assess the pituitary’s ability to produce this hormone (xylazine stimulation test).
• Has been used to induce self-limiting emesis in cats where vomiting is desirable (e.g. following the ingestion of toxic, non-caustic foreign material). Emesis generally occurs rapidly and within a maximum of 10 min. Further doses depress the vomiting centre and may not result in any further vomiting.
دوز داروی زایلازین در سگ
a) 1.1 mg/kg IV, 1.1–2.2 mg/kg IM or SC.
b) As a preanesthetic:
Dosage range for xylazine 0.2–1 mg/kg IV, IM or S. Xylazine has depressant, sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxing effects. It is very effective for restraint and analgesia, but does not produce immobilization and sedated animals can respond to noxious stimuli and noise. Xylazine is associated with significant cardiac rhythm disturbances especially in dogs. Alpha-2 agonists can be used in low doses with opioids to provide dependable and profound restraint in healthy animals.
Healthy animals can be given xylazine at a dose of 0.05–0.2 mg/kg (route not listed). For epidural injection: 0.02–0.25 mg/kg; dilute with sufficient quantity of sterile saline to a volume of 0.26 mL/kg. Onset of action 20–30 minutes; 2–5 hour duration. Xylazine 0.02 mg/kg with morphine 0.1 mg/kg; dilute with sufficient quantity of sterile saline to a volume of 0.26 mL/kg. Onset of action 30–60 minutes; 10–20 hour duration.
c)As an analgesic: 0.1–1 mg/kg IV, IM or SC.
For post-operative anxiety: 0.1–0.5 mg/kg IV, IM or SC.
Growth hormone response test: 100 μg (micrograms)/kg i.v.
دوز داروی زایلازین در گربه
a) 1.1 mg/kg IV, 1.1–2.2 mg/kg IM or SC.
b) As a preanesthetic: Dosage range for xylazine 0.2–1 mg/kg IV, IM or SC. Xylazine has depressant, sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxing effects. It is very effective for restraint and analgesia, but does not produce immobilization and sedated animals can respond to noxious stimuli and noise. Xylazine is associated with significant cardiac rhythm disturbances when dosed according to the recommendations on the label, especially in dogs. In low doses, the benefits of xylazine can be realized while eliminating some of its detrimental side effects.b) As an emetic: 0.44 mg/kg IM.
c) As an analgesic: 0.1–1 mg/kg IV, IM or SC. For post-operative anxiety: 0.1–0.5 mg/kg IV, IM or SC.
• Emesis: 0.6 mg/kg i.m. or 1 mg/kg s.c. once (effective in >75% of cats).
• Growth hormone suppression test: 100 μg (micrograms)/kg i.v.
تداخلات داروئی زایلازین
* The manufacturers warn against using xylazine in conjunction with other tranquilizers.
* ACEPROMAZINE: The combination use of acepromazine with xylazine is generally considered safe, but there is potential for additive hypotensive effects and this combination should be used cautiously in animals susceptible to hemodynamic complications.
* CHLORAMPHENICOL: Prolonged sedation and gastrointestinal stasis possible (Davis 2007)
* CNS DEPRESSANT AGENTS, OTHER (barbiturates, narcotics, anesthetics, phenothiazines, etc.): May cause additive CNS depression if used with xylazine. Dosages of these agents may need to be reduced.
* EPINEPHRINE: The use of epinephrine with or without the concurrent use of halothane with xylazine may induce the development of ventricular arrhythmias.
* RESERPINE: A case of a horse developing colic-like clinical signs after reserpine and xylazine has been reported. Until more is known about this potential interaction, use of these two agents together should be avoided.
منبع:
کتاب BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, Part A: Canine and Feline 10th edition انتشار 2020
